Advanced Network Operating Systems Administration (Linux – Red Hat 8)

NOTES

 A.Red Hat Text Commands (all hot keys work in Linux cntrl + a key), (ex. cntrl + a = select all), (ex. cntrl + c = copy), (ex. cntrl + v =paste), etc...

 I.Display

 a.redhat-config-xfree86

 i.Opens a dialog box to change the display settings

 ii.Creates or updates the XF86Config file in the usr/X11R6/etc/X11 directory

 b.xf86config

 i.Creates a new XF86Config file in the usr/X11R6/etc/X11 directory

 II.Directories and Permissions

 a.touch (ex. touch file)

 i.used to quickly create a file

 b.ls (ls -l file)

 i.using the -l (long) switch to show the files permissions

•Returned characters are r (4) – read, w(2) – write, and x(1) - execute

 c.mkdir (ex. mkdir foo)

 i.Makes a directory named 'foo'

 d.free

 i.obtains it's information from a file named meminfo

•meminfo is a dynmanically created directory

•cat /proc/meminfo will display the files contents

 e.ls (ex. Ls /)

 i.List directory contents command

 ii.Example displays the layout of the Red Hat Linux system

 f.tree (ex. tree -dx /) or (ex. Tree -afx /etc/sysconfig)

 i.Tree command with the -dx switch gives a more detailed look at the root

 g.useradd

 i.Useradd command can be used to add and/or configure user accounts

 h.dir

 i.Directory command provides a list of directories and files

 i.|more (ex. help |more

 i.Forces running lists to stop a one page (hit any key to continue)

 ii.This symbol | (a pipe) is a shift \

 j.chmod (ex. chmod -aw readme.txt), (ex. chmod -u+rw readme.txt)

 i.Modifies permissions

 ii.Example 1 removes all write permissions from the readme.txt file

 iii.Example 2 restores read and write permissions for YOU only

 k.rm -fr /

 i.deletes locate files and directories on host, other partitions, and remote computers

 III.Configuration (Changing User Information)

 a.chfn

 i.also; finger (ex. Finger danthomas)

•Change finger information command

•Displays information about a system's user

 b.whereis (ex. whereis fdisk)

 i.Used to find a command and it's documentation

 c.whatis (ex. whatis fdisk)

 i.Provides a one-line synopsis of a commands description

 IV.Terminals & Text Editors

 a.man [command name] (ex. man rm)(ex. man ls)

 i.Opens GNOME terminal 2.0

 ii.use 'd' to page down and 'u' to page up

 iii.typing the letter 'q' quits the terminal

 b.less (ex. less /usr/share/apps/LICENSES/GPL_V2)

 i.Less command can be used to display text files

 c.zless (ex. zless /usr/share/man/es/man1/README.gz)

 i.Zless command reads text in compressed form (ending in gz)

 d. links or lynx (ex. links /usr/share/doc/HTML/en/common/gpl-license.html)

 i.links or lynx are text-based web browsers

 e.other text editors are ed, emacs, jed, joe, mcedit, pico, sed, gedit, xedit, kate, kedit, nedit, kwrite, vi, and vim

 f.vi (ex. vi file.txt)

 i.Starts the vi text editor with the file, file.txt opened

 ii.emacs (ex. emacs file.txt)

•Starts the emac text editor with the file, file.txt opened

 V.The shell

 a.cd (ex. cd), (ex. cd $HOME), (ex. cd ~)

 i.Change Directory command

 ii.All of these examples take you to the home directory from anywhere

 b.rm (ex. rm abc)

 i.Deletes a file, in this case the one named 'abc'

 c.rmdir (ex. rmdir abc)

 i.Deletes a directory, if it's EMPTY

 VI.GDM (graphical display manager)

 a.gdmconfig &

 i.Opens the gdmconfig dialog box

 ii.Allows you to specify settings for security, remote network logins, etc...

 VII.KDM

 a.su -c kcontrol

 i.Opens the control center dialog box

 ii.Allows you to configure the KDM X desktop suite

 VIII.Starting X

 a.startx

 i.Shell script that starts X server and an X session

 b.startx -- -dpi 16

 c.startx -- -dpi 100

 IX.Switching Desktops

 a.switchdesk KDE

 i.Sets KDE as the default desktop

 b.switchdesk &

 i.Opens a graphical dialog

  BACK

Sources:

Bill Ball & Hoyt Duff, (2003), Red Hat Linux 8 Unleashed, Indiana

Daniel L. McGrew, (2004), Personal Experience